Understanding PG and VG in E-Liquids
Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG) are the two primary base ingredients in all e-liquids used for vaping. Understanding the difference between these two components is essential for choosing the right e-liquid for your vaping style, device, and personal preferences. This comprehensive guide explains everything Australian vapers need to know about PG and VG in 2026.
Every e-liquid is a mixture of PG and VG in varying ratios, combined with flavourings and optionally nicotine. The PG/VG ratio significantly affects your vaping experience including throat hit, vapour production, flavour intensity, and device compatibility.
What Is Propylene Glycol (PG)?
Propylene Glycol is a synthetic organic compound with the chemical formula C3H8O2. It is a colourless, odourless liquid with a slightly sweet taste. PG is widely used in the food industry as a food additive (E1520), in pharmaceuticals as a solvent for oral and injectable medications, and in cosmetics as a humectant. In the context of vaping, PG serves as the primary carrier for flavourings and provides the throat hit sensation similar to smoking.
Key characteristics of PG include: thin consistency similar to water, strong throat hit, excellent flavour carrier, produces less vapour, and may cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
What Is Vegetable Glycerin (VG)?
Vegetable Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a natural compound derived from plant oils such as palm, soy, or coconut. It has the chemical formula C3H8O3 and is a thick, sweet liquid. VG is used in food products as a sweetener and humectant, in cosmetics and skincare products, and in pharmaceutical preparations.
Key characteristics of VG include: thick, viscous consistency, smooth throat hit, sweet taste, produces dense vapour clouds, and is generally well-tolerated by most users.
PG vs VG: Key Differences Compared
Throat Hit
PG provides a stronger throat hit that more closely resembles the sensation of smoking tobacco. This is particularly important for former smokers using vaping as a cessation tool. VG produces a much smoother inhale with minimal throat sensation. Many vapers who prefer direct-to-lung vaping opt for higher VG ratios.
Vapour Production
VG is responsible for producing the dense, visible vapour clouds that many vapers enjoy. Higher VG ratios result in significantly more vapour production. PG produces thinner, less visible vapour that dissipates more quickly.
Flavour Intensity
PG is a more effective flavour carrier than VG. E-liquids with higher PG ratios tend to deliver more pronounced and crisp flavour profiles. VG can mute subtle flavour notes, particularly in complex e-liquid recipes.
Viscosity and Device Compatibility
PG has a thin, watery consistency that works well in all vaping devices including small pod systems and starter kits. VG is thick and viscous, requiring devices with larger wicking ports and higher power output to vaporise effectively. Using high-VG e-liquid in a small pod device can lead to burnt hits and coil failure.
Common PG/VG Ratios and Their Uses
50/50 PG/VG: The most balanced ratio, suitable for all devices. Provides moderate throat hit, good flavour, and reasonable vapour production. Ideal for beginners and pod systems.
70/30 VG/PG: Popular for sub-ohm vaping and cloud chasing. Smooth inhale with dense vapour. Requires a device capable of handling thicker liquids.
80/20 VG/PG: Maximum vapour production, minimal throat hit. Best suited for advanced devices with high wattage and large airflow. Not recommended for beginners.
60/40 PG/VG: A middle ground favoured by many all-day vapers. Stronger flavour than 70/30 with still respectable vapour.
Choosing the Right PG/VG Ratio
Consider these factors when selecting your e-liquid ratio. Device type: Pod systems and low-wattage devices work best with 50/50 or higher PG ratios. Sub-ohm tanks and rebuildables handle high VG ratios well.
Vaping style: Mouth-to-lung (MTL) vapers typically prefer higher PG ratios for throat hit. Direct-to-lung (DTL) vapers generally prefer higher VG ratios for smooth vapour production.
Nicotine strength: Higher nicotine concentrations are more common with higher PG ratios. Nicotine salts work well with any ratio but are particularly effective in higher PG blends.
Sensitivity: Some vapers experience throat irritation from PG and opt for high VG blends. Others find VG too sweet and prefer the clean taste of PG-heavy liquids.
PG Sensitivity and Allergies
A small percentage of vapers experience sensitivity to propylene glycol. Symptoms can include dry throat, skin irritation, and in rare cases allergic reactions. If you experience persistent throat irritation or discomfort when vaping, try switching to a higher VG ratio e-liquid or a max VG blend.
True PG allergies are rare but can be serious. Symptoms include hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling. If you suspect an allergy, discontinue use and consult a medical professional.
Australian Availability and Regulations
Both PG and VG are approved food additives in Australia and are widely available. E-liquids containing nicotine require a prescription. Zero-nicotine e-liquids in various PG/VG ratios can be purchased without a prescription from Australian retailers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which PG/VG ratio is best for beginners?
A 50/50 PG/VG ratio is recommended for beginners as it works well in starter devices and provides a balanced vaping experience.
Can I mix different PG/VG ratio e-liquids?
Yes, you can mix e-liquids with different ratios to create your preferred blend. This is common practice among experienced vapers.
Does PG or VG affect coil life?
VG-heavy e-liquids are thicker and can cause coils to gunk up faster. PG-heavy liquids are thinner and generally extend coil life.
Summary
Understanding PG and VG ratios is fundamental to finding your ideal vaping experience. Consider your device, vaping style, and personal preferences when selecting e-liquid ratios. Experimenting with different ratios is the best way to discover what works for you.
References: TGA, Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ).
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